diff --git a/source/_drafts/oxford-5000-pitch.md b/source/_drafts/oxford-5000-pitch.md deleted file mode 100644 index 37ff35f..0000000 --- a/source/_drafts/oxford-5000-pitch.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,39 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: oxford-5000-pitch -tags: ---- - - -# Noun - -## Pronunciation - -BrE: /pɪtʃ/ - -NAmE: /pɪtʃ/ - -## Explanation - -{% label primary@for sport 体育运动 %} - -1. {% label info@B2 %} (*British English*) (*also* field *North American English*, *British English*)\[countable\] an area of ground specially prepared and marked for playing a sports game - - - a football pitch足球场 - - a cricket/rugby/hockey pitch板球/橄榄球/曲棍球场 - - an artificial pitch 人造沥青 - - After the game fans invaded the pitch.比赛结束后,球迷们涌入球场。 - - The rugby tour was a disaster both on and off the pitch (= they lost their matches and the players behaved badly while on tour, getting bad news reports).这次橄榄球巡回赛在场上、场下都彻底失败。 - -2. {% label @ipsum %} {% label primary@dolor sit %} amet - -{% note primary This is a summary %} - -### Details and summary - -Note with summary: `note primary This is a summary` - -{% endnote %} - -{% label primary@of sound 声音 %} - -3. [singular, uncountable] how high or low a sound is, especially a musical note(尤指乐音的)音高 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/source/_posts/2023-04-08-oxford-5000-pitch.md b/source/_posts/2023-04-08-oxford-5000-pitch.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c990ee2 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/_posts/2023-04-08-oxford-5000-pitch.md @@ -0,0 +1,608 @@ +--- +title: pitch +tags: + - 牛津5000 + - 英语词汇 +comments: true +copyright: false +toc: + enable: true + number: 'yes' + wrap: true + expand_all: true + max_depth: 4 +categories: + - 英语学习 +abbrlink: 279fbed9 +date: 2023-04-08 00:04:11 +--- + +# noun + +## Pronunciation + +- BrE: /pɪtʃ/ +- NAmE: /pɪtʃ/ + +## Explanation + +### {% label primary@for sport 体育运动 %} + +1. **{% label @B2 %}** (*British English*) + + (*also* **field** *North American English*, *British English*) + + \[countable\] an area of ground specially prepared and marked for playing a sports game + + - *a **football pitch*** 足球场 + - *a cricket/rugby/hockey pitch* 板球/橄榄球/曲棍球场 + - *an artificial pitch* 人造沥青 + - *After the game fans invaded the pitch.* 比赛结束后,球迷们涌入球场。 + - *The rugby tour was a disaster both on and off the pitch* (= they lost their matches and the players behaved badly while on tour, getting bad news reports). 这次橄榄球巡回赛在场上、场下都彻底失败。 + + {% note primary Extra Examples %} + + - *He was the best player on the pitch today.* 他是今天场上表现最好的选手。 + - *Negotiations about his transfer are continuing off the pitch.* 关于他转会的谈判仍在球场外继续进行。 + - *The pitch was invaded by angry fans.* 愤怒的球迷涌入球场。 + - *The players have just come off the pitch.* 选手们刚从球场下来。 + - *The game ended in chaos with fans invading the pitch.* 球迷冲进赛场,球赛在一片混乱中结束。 + + {% endnote %} + + **Topics** [Sports: ball and racket sports](https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/topic/sports-ball-and-racket-sports?level=b2) **{% label @B2 %}** + + {% note primary Oxford Collocations Dictionary %} + + - **adjective** + - all-weather + - grass + - synthetic + - … + - **verb + pitch** + - invade + - run onto + - **pitch + noun** + - invasion + - **preposition** + - off the pitch + - on a/​the pitch + + {% endnote %} + + + +### {% label primary@of sound 声音 %} + +2. [singular, uncountable] how high or low a sound is, especially a musical note(尤指乐音的)音高 + + - A basic sense of rhythm and pitch is essential in a music teacher. 基本的韵律感和音高感是音乐教师的必备素质。 + + {% note primary **see also** perfect pitch %} + + - BrE: /ˌpɜːfɪkt ˈpɪtʃ/ + - NAmE: /ˌpɜːrfɪkt ˈpɪtʃ/ + + \[uncountable\] (music 音乐) + + the ability to identify or sing a musical note correctly without the help of an instrument 绝对音高,绝对音感(指不须借助乐器准确识别或唱出音符的能力) + + - *Having perfect pitch means that I can hear a note and tell you that it's a G, or a B flat or whatever.* 拥有完美的音高意味着我能听到一个音符,并告诉你它是 G 音,或者是 B 音,或者别的什么。 + + {% endnote %} + + {% note primary Extra Examples %} + + - *The pitch of the drum can be raised by tightening the skin.* 可以通过绷紧鼓皮来提高鼓的音高。 + - *Her voice fell in pitch as she grew older.* 她的音高随年龄的增长而下降。 + - *The instrument is not tuned to the correct pitch.* 乐器的音高没有调准。 + + {% endnote %} + + **Topics** [Language](https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/topic/language?level=c1) **{% label @C1 %}**, [Music](https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/topic/music?level=c1) **{% label @C1 %}** + + {% note primary Oxford Collocations Dictionary %} + + - **adjective** + - high + - low + - correct + - … + - **verb + pitch** + - fall in + - rise in + - change + - … + - **phrases** + - pitch + + {% endnote %} + +### {% label primary@degree/strength 程度;强度 %} + +3. \[singular, uncountable\] the degree or strength of a feeling or activity; the highest point of something(感情、活动等的)程度,力度;(事物的)最高点 + + - *a frenetic pitch of activity* 活动的狂热极点 + - *Speculation has reached such a pitch that a decision will have to be made immediately.* 种种猜测甚嚣尘上,以致必须立即作出决定。 + - *to reach a high pitch of excitement* 达到极其兴奋的程度 + + {% note primary Oxford Collocations Dictionary %} + + - **adjective** + - fever + - high + - **verb + pitch** + - reach + - rise to + - **preposition** + - pitch of + + {% endnote %} + + {% note primary **see also** fever pitch %} + + - BrE: /ˈfiːvə pɪtʃ/ + - NAmE: /ˈfiːvər pɪtʃ/ + + \[uncountable, singular\] + a very high level of excitement or activity 高度兴奋;极为激动;狂热 + + - *Speculation about his future had **reached fever pitch***. 关于他的前途的猜测达到了狂想的地步。 + - *Excitement rose to fever pitch the day before the game.* 比赛的前一天人们兴奋到了极点。 + - *The crowd had been roused to fever pitch by the drama of the game.* 这场比赛的戏剧性场面已经把人群激起了狂热。 + - *a fever pitch of nervous excitement* 极度的焦躁不安。 + - **at fever pitch** *Excitement has been at fever pitch for days* 狂热的兴奋持续了好些日子。 + + {% endnote %} + +### {% label primary@to sell something 销售 %} + +4. \[countable, usually singular\] talk or arguments used by a person trying to sell things or persuade people to do something 推销的话;说教;宣传论点 + + - *an aggressive **sales pitch*** 强有力的推销行话 + - *the candidate’s campaign pitch* 候选人的竞选宣传 + - *Each company was given ten minutes to **make its pitch**.* 每个公司有十分钟时间做推销宣传。 + + {% note primary Extra Examples %} + + - *Farley was about to make a pitch to a big client.* 法利即将对一个大客户进行推销。 + - *His pitch to the business community was based on common sense.* 他对商界的推销是以常识为基础的。 + - *Marcelo will be making his pitch to a small number of potential clients.* 马塞洛将向少数的潜在客户进行推销。 + - *The executives listened open-mouthed as she seamlessly delivered a pitch for their business.* 她滔滔不绝地推销业务,让高管们听得目瞪口呆。 + - *a strong pitch delivered by advertising executives* 广告主管发表的强有力的推销言辞 + + {% endnote %} + + **Topics** [Opinion and argument](https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/topic/opinion-and-argument?level=c2) **{% label @C2 %}** + + {% note primary Oxford Collocations Dictionary %} + + - **adjective** + - sales + - good + - strong + - … + - **verb + pitch** + - deliver + - do + - give + - … + - **pitch + noun** + - meeting + - **preposition** + - pitch for + - pitch to + + {% endnote %} + +### {% label primary@in baseball 棒球 %} + +5. \[countable\] an act of throwing the ball; the way in which it is thrown 投球;投球方法 + + {% note primary Synonyms **throw**%} + + **throw** + + toss | hurlf | ling | chuck | lob | bowl | pitch + + These words all mean to send something from your hand through the air. + + - **throw** to send something from your hand or hands through the air: + - *Some kids were throwing stones at the window.* 有些孩子在朝窗户扔石头。 + - *She threw the ball and he caught it.* 她把球抛出来,他接住了。 + + - **toss** to throw something lightly or carelessly: + - *She tossed her jacket onto the bed.* 她把她的短上衣丢到床上。 + + - **hurl** to throw something violently in a particular direction: + - *Rioters hurled a brick through the car’s windscreen.* 暴徒把一块砖猛地扔向汽车,砸破了挡风玻璃。 + + - **fling** to throw somebody/​something somewhere with a lot of force, especially because you are angry or in a hurry: + - *She flung the letter down onto the table.* 她把信摔在桌子上。 + + - **chuck** (*especially British English, informal*) to throw something carelessly: + - *I chucked him the keys.* 我把钥匙扔给了他。 + + - **lob** (*informal*) to throw something so that it goes high through the air:指往空中高扔、高抛、高掷: + - *They were lobbing stones over the wall.* 他们在朝墙那边扔石头。 + + - **bowl** (*in cricket*) to throw the ball to the batsman(板球)指把球投给击球员 + + - **pitch** (*in baseball*) to throw the ball to the batter(棒球)指把球投给击球员 + + - Patterns + - to throw/​toss/​hurl/​fling/​chuck/​lob/​bowl/​pitch something at/​to somebody/​something + - to throw/​toss/​fling/​chuck something aside/​away + - to throw/​toss/​hurl/​fling/​chuck/​lob/​bowl/​pitch a ball + - to throw/​toss/​hurl/​fling/​chuck stones/​rocks/​a brick + - to throw/​toss/​hurl/​fling something angrily + - to throw/​toss something casually/​carelessly + + {% endnote %} + + {% note primary Oxford Collocations Dictionary %} + + - **adjective** + - wild + - **verb + pitch** + - deliver + - hit + - make + - … + + {% endnote %} + +### {% label primary@black substance 黑色物质 %} + +6. \[uncountable\] a black sticky substance made from oil or coal, used on roofs or the wooden boards of a ship to stop water from coming through 沥青;柏油 + +### {% label primary@in street/market 街道;市场 %} + +7. \[countable\] (*British English*) a place in a street or market where somebody sells things, or where somebody performs in order to entertain people outdoors 街头售货摊点;街头艺人表演地点 + +### {% label primary@camping %} + +8. (*British English*) + + (*North American English* **campsite**) + + a place in a campsite where you can put up one tent or park one caravan, etc. 在露营地中可以搭起一个帐篷或停放一个大篷车等的地方。 + + - *Pitches to rent from only £15 per night.* 租金从每晚15英镑起。 + +### {% label primary@of ship/aircraft 船;飞机 %} + +9. \[uncountable\] (*specialist*) the movement of a ship up and down in the water or of an aircraft in the air(船在水上的)上下颠簸,纵摇;(飞机在空中的)俯仰 + + {% note primary **compare** roll %} + + {% label primary@of ship/plane 船只;飞机 %} + + \[uncountable\] the act of moving from side to side so that one side is higher than the other摇晃;摇荡 + + {% endnote %} + +### {% label primary@of roof屋顶 %} + +10. \[singular, uncountable\] (*specialist*) the degree to which a roof slopes倾斜度 + + - *The pitch of the roof is 45 degrees.* 屋顶的倾斜度是45度。 + +## Word Origin + +*noun* senses 1 to 5 and *noun* senses 7 to 9 Middle English (as a verb in the senses ‘thrust (something pointed) into the ground’ and ‘fall headlong’): perhaps related to Old English *picung* ‘stigmata’, of unknown ultimate origin. The sense development is obscure. *noun* sense 6 Old English *pic* (noun), *pician* (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch *pek* and German *Pech*; based on Latin *pix*, *pic-*. + +## Idioms + +- **make a pitch for somebody/something | make a pitch to somebody** + + to make a determined effort to get something or to persuade somebody of something 决心获得;决心劝服 + + - *He made a pitch to black voters in Alabama.* 他向阿拉巴马州的黑人选民游说。 + +- **queer somebody’s pitch | queer the pitch (for somebody)** + + (*British English*, *informal*) to cause somebody’s plans to fail or to destroy their chances of getting something 破坏…的计划(或机会) + +# verb + +## Pronunciation + +- BrE: /pɪtʃ/ +- NAmE: /pɪtʃ/ + +### Verb Forms + +- present simple I / you / we / they **pitch** + + - BrE: /pɪtʃ/ + - NAmE: /pɪtʃ/ + +- he / she / it **pitches** + + - BrE: /ˈpɪtʃɪz/ + - NAmE: /ˈpɪtʃɪz/ + +- past simple **pitched** + + - BrE: /pɪtʃt/ + - NAmE: /pɪtʃt/ + +- past participle **pitched** + + - BrE: /pɪtʃt/ + - NAmE: /pɪtʃt/ + +- -ing form **pitching** + - BrE: /ˈpɪtʃɪŋ/ + - NAmE: /ˈpɪtʃɪŋ/ + +### Explanation + +#### {% label primary@throw 抛 %} + +1. \[transitive\] **pitch somebody/something + adv./prep.** to throw somebody/something with force 用力扔;投;抛 + + - *The explosion pitched her violently into the air.* 爆炸把她猛烈地抛向空中。 + - (*figurative*) *The new government has already been pitched into a crisis.* 新政府已被抛入危机之中。 + + {% note primary Extra Examples %} + + - *If they hit any unseen obstacle they would be pitched headlong into the snow.* 如果撞上任何没看见的障碍,他们就会被一头抛进雪里。 + - *There was a loud bang and he was pitched from his seat.* 一声巨响,他被从座位上抛了起来。 + + {% endnote %} + + {% note primary Oxford Collocations Dictionary %} + + - **adverb** + - violently + - forward + - headlong + - … + - **preposition** + - from + - into + - out of + - … + + {% endnote %} + +#### {% label primary@in sports 体育运动 %} + +2. \[intransitive, transitive\] **pitch (something)** (in baseball 棒球) to throw the ball to the person who is batting 将(球)投给击球员;投球;当投手 + + - *He pitched against UCLA last week.* 他上周担任投手,对阵加州大学洛杉矶分校。 + - *My dream was to pitch for the Yankees.* 我的梦想是成为扬基队的投手。 + + {% note primary Extra Examples %} + + - *The pitcher pitched the ball right down the middle of the plate.* 那个投手将球正好投到本垒板中间。 + - *Perez has pitched effectively this spring.* 今年春天佩雷斯投球投得很好。 + + {% endnote %} + + **Topics** [Sports: ball and racket sports](https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/topic/sports-ball-and-racket-sports?level=b2) **{% label @B2 %}** + + {% note primary Oxford Collocations Dictionary %} + + - **adverb** + - effectively + - well + - poorly + - … + - **preposition** + - for + + {% endnote %} + +3. \[intransitive, transitive\] **pitch (something) + adv./prep.** (of the ball in the games of golf or cricket) to hit the ground; to make the ball hit the ground 触地;(使球)定点落地 + + - *The ball pitched a yard short of the hole.* 球投出了离球洞1码远的地方。 + +4. \[transitive, intransitive\] **pitch (something)** (in golf 高尔夫球) to hit the ball in a high curve劈高球;击高球 + + **Topics** [Sports: ball and racket sports](https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/topic/sports-ball-and-racket-sports?level=b2) **{% label @B2 %}** + +#### {% label primary@fall 倒下 %} + +5. \[intransitive\] **+ adv./prep.** to fall heavily in a particular direction 重跌;踉跄倒下 + + - *With a cry she pitched forward.* 她大叫一声向前跌倒了。 + + {% note primary Oxford Collocations Dictionary %} + + - **adverb** + - violently + - forward + - headlong + - … + - **preposition** + - from + - into + - out of + - … + + {% endnote %} + +#### {% label primary@of ship/aircraft 船;飞机 %} + +6. \[intransitive\] to move up and down on the water or in the air 纵摇;颠簸;上下飘荡 + + - *The sea was rough and the ship pitched and rolled all night.* 大海波涛汹涌,船整夜颠簸摇晃。 + - *The boat pitched violently in a heavy swell.* 船在汹涌的海浪中剧烈颠簸。 + + {% note primary **compare** roll %} + + {% label primary@of ship/plane/walk 船只;飞机;行走 %} + + \[intransitive, transitive\] **roll (something) (+ adv./prep.)** to move or make something move from side to side(使)摇摆,摇晃 + + - *He walked with a rolling gait.* 他摇摇晃晃地走着。 + - *The ship was rolling heavily to and fro.* 轮船剧烈地颠簸着。 + + {% endnote %} + + **Topics** [Transport by water](https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/topic/transport-by-water?level=c2) **{% label @C2 %}** + + {% note primary Oxford Collocations Dictionary %} + + - **adverb** + - violently + - forward + - headlong + - … + - **preposition** + - from + - into + - out of + - … + + {% endnote %} + +#### {% label primary@set level 定标准 %} + +7. \[transitive\] to set something at a particular level 确定标准 + + - **pitch something (+ adv./prep./adj.)** *They have pitched their prices too high.* 他们把价格定得太高了。 + - **pitch something (at something)** *The test was pitched at too low a level for the students.* 这次考试太低估学生的程度了。 + + {% note primary Extra Examples %} + + - *The test is pitched at a high GCSE standard.* 考试是按照普通中等教育证书的较高标准制订的。 + - *The price has been pitched quite high.* 价格定得相当高。 + - *Estimates have been deliberately pitched on the conservative side.* 有意作了保守的估计。 + + {% endnote %} + + {% note primary Oxford Collocations Dictionary %} + + - **adverb** + - deliberately + - **preposition** + - at + - **phrases** + - pitch something high + - pitch something low + + {% endnote %} + +#### {% label primary@try to sell 推销 %} + +8. \[transitive\] to aim or direct a product or service at a particular group of people(使产品或服务)针对,面向;确定销售对象(或目标市场) + + - **pitch something (at somebody)** *The new software is being pitched at banks.* 这种新软件以银行为目标市场。 + - *The product is pitched primarily at telecommunications companies.* 该产品主要面向电信公司。 + - **pitch something (as something)** *Orange juice is to be pitched as an athlete's drink.* 橙汁将作为运动员饮料进行推销。 + +9. \[transitive, intransitive\] to try to persuade somebody to buy something, to give you something or to make a business deal with you 推销;争取支持(或生意等) + + - **pitch something** *Representatives went to Japan to pitch the company's newest products.* 销售代表前往日本推销公司的最新产品。 + - **pitch (for something)** *We were pitching against a much larger company for the contract.* 我们在与一家比我们大得多的公司竞争这项合同。 + +#### {% label primary@sound/music 声音;音乐 %} + +10. \[transitive\] **pitch something + adj.** to produce a sound or piece of music at a particular level 定音高 + + - *You pitched that note a little flat.* 你把那个音符定得有点低了。 + - *The song was pitched too low for my voice.* 这首歌起调太低,不适合我的嗓音。 + - *Her voice was pitched low.* 她把声音放低了。 + + {% note primary **see also** high-pitched %} + + - BrE: /ˌhaɪ ˈpɪtʃt/ + - NAmE: /ˌhaɪ ˈpɪtʃt/ + + (of sounds 声音) very high 很高的;尖利的 + + - *a high-pitched voice/whistle*尖嗓子;尖锐的口哨声 + - *She had a high-pitched giggle which irritated me intensely.* 她刺耳的傻笑声让我特别恼火。 + - *a high-pitched noise/scream/tone* 高声的噪音/尖叫声/音调 + + {% endnote %} + + {% note primary **see also** low-pitched %} + + - BrE: /ˌləʊ ˈpɪtʃt/ + - NAmE: /ˌləʊ ˈpɪtʃt/ + + (of sounds 声音) deep; low 低沉的;低声的 + + - *a low-pitched voice* 低沉的嗓音 + + {% endnote %} + +#### {% label primary@tent 帐篷 %} + +11. \[transitive\] pitch something to set up a tent or a camp for a short time搭(帐篷);扎(营) + + - *We could pitch our tent in that field.* 我们可以临时把帐篷搭在那块地上。 + - *They pitched camp for the night near the river.* 他们靠河边扎营过夜。 + + {% note primary **see also** pitched %} + + - BrE: /pɪtʃt/ + - NAmE: /pɪtʃt/ + + (of a roof 屋顶) sloping; not flat 倾斜的 + + - *steeply pitched roofs* 陡峭的屋顶 + + {% endnote %} + + **Topics** [Holidays](https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/topic/holidays?level=c2) **{% label @C2 %}** + +### Word Origin + +*verb* Middle English (as a verb in the senses ‘thrust (something pointed) into the ground’ and ‘fall headlong’): perhaps related to Old English *picung* ‘stigmata’, of unknown ultimate origin. The sense development is obscure. + +### Idioms + +- **pitch a story/line/yarn (to somebody)** + + (*informal*) to tell somebody a story or make an excuse that is not true(对某人)编谎话 + +### Phrasal Verbs + +#### pitch in + +- pitch in (with somebody/something) + + (*informal*) to join in and help with an activity, by doing some of the work or by giving money, advice, etc. 投入;参与;支援 + + - *Everyone pitched in with the work.* 每个人都投入了这项工作。 + - *Local companies pitched in with building materials and labour.* 当地的公司支援了建筑材料和劳动力。 + +- pitch something ↔ in + + to give a particular amount of money in order to help with something 参与;出力;出份子 + + - W*e all pitched in $10 to buy her a gift.* 我们每人出 10 美元,凑钱给她买礼物。 + +#### pitch into + +- pitch into somebody + + (*informal*) to attack or criticize somebody攻击;批判;批评 + + - *She started pitching into me as soon as I arrived.* 我刚一到她就劈头盖脸地批评起我来。 + +- pitch into something + + (*informal*) to start an activity with enthusiasm蓬勃开展;大干 + + - **pitch into doing something** *I rolled up my sleeves and pitched into cleaning the kitchen.* 我卷起袖子,给厨房做大扫除。 + +#### pitch up + +(*British English*, *informal*) to arrive somewhere, especially late or without planning 到达(尤指迟到或不约而至) + +{% note primary **synonym** turn up %} + +(of a person 人) to arrive 到达;来到;露面 + +- *We arranged to meet at 7.30, but she never turned up.* 我们约好 7:30 碰头,但她根本没露面。 + +{% endnote %} + +- You can't just pitch up and expect to get in without a ticket.你可不能说来就来,还想无票入场。