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---
title: 'Josh''s Notes: 最优阵列处理(Part 1.2 —— 均匀线阵模型)'
mathjax: true
comments: true
copyright: true
toc:
enable: false
number: true
wrap: true
expand_all: true
max_depth: 4
tags:
- 阵列信号处理
- 均匀线阵
- ULA
categories:
- - Josh 的学习笔记
- 最优阵列处理
- 阵列和空域滤波器
abbrlink: de20fd09
date: 2023-04-20 00:14:31
---
我们感兴趣的线阵如[图 1-2-1](#fig.1-2-1) 所示,其中有 $N$ 个位于 $z$ 轴上的阵元,阵元间距均匀,记为 $d$。我们把这种阵列称为**{% label primary @均匀线性阵列(uniform linear array, ULA) %}**。我们已经把阵列的中心放在了坐标系的原点上,这种阵列中心放置方法将在计算量上具有优点。
<a id="fig.1-2-1"></a>
![图 1-2-1 放置在 $z$ 轴上的线阵](https://josh-blog-1257563604.cos.ap-beijing.myqcloud.com/img/2023-04-20-josh-opa-part-1-2/2023-04-20-josh-oap-part-1-2-010-LinearArrayAlongZAaxis.png!sign){width=600px}
<!-- more -->
&emsp;&emsp;阵元的位置为
$$\begin{equation} \label{ElementLocation}
\begin{cases}
p_{x_n} = 0 \\
p_{y_n} = 0 \\
p_{z_n} = \left( n - \displaystyle\frac{N-1}{2} \right) d
\end{cases}
, \, n = 0,1,\cdots,N-1
\end{equation}$$
为了确定阵列流形矢量 $\vec{v}_{\vec{k}}\left(\vec{k}\right)$, 把式 $\eqref{ElementLocation}$ 代入到[阵列流形矢量的定义][], 得到
$$\begin{equation}
\vec{v}_{\vec{k}}\left(k_z\right) = \left[\begin{array}{c}
e^{j \left( \frac{N-1}{2} \right) k_z d} \\
e^{j \left( \frac{N-1}{2} - 1\right) k_z d} \\
\vdots \\
e^{-j \left( \frac{N-1}{2} \right) k_z d} \\
\end{array}\right]
\end{equation}$$
这里
$$\begin{equation}
k_z = -\frac{2\pi}{\lambda}\cos\theta = -k_0 \cos\theta
\end{equation}$$
其中波数的幅度
$$\begin{equation}
k_0 \triangleq \left| \vec{k} \right| = \frac{2\pi}{\lambda}
\end{equation}$$
[阵列流形矢量的定义]: https://josh-gao.top/posts/8b61f5a7.html#DefinitionOfArrayManifoldVector