new post, oxford-5000-bound

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- type: git
repo: [email protected]:/home/josh/documents/josh-blog-deploy.git
branch: master
- type: git
repo: [email protected]:/home/josh/documents/josh-blog-deploy.git
branch: master
# - type: git
# repo: [email protected]:/home/josh/documents/josh-blog-deploy.git
# branch: master
- type: git
repo: [email protected]:josh-gao/josh-blog/josh-blog.git
branch: master
@@ -312,22 +312,18 @@ date: 2023-04-08 00:04:11
### Verb Forms
- present simple I / you / we / they **pitch**
- BrE: /pɪtʃ/
- NAmE: /pɪtʃ/
- he / she / it **pitches**
- BrE: /ˈpɪtʃɪz/
- NAmE: /ˈpɪtʃɪz/
- past simple **pitched**
- BrE: /pɪtʃt/
- NAmE: /pɪtʃt/
- past participle **pitched**
- BrE: /pɪtʃt/
- NAmE: /pɪtʃt/
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@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ date: 2023-05-25 23:10:01
- BrE: /rɪˈzɔːt/
- NAmE: /rɪˈzɔːrt/
### Explanation
## Explanation
1. **{% label @B2 %}** \[countable\] a place where a lot of people go on holiday 旅游胜地;度假胜地
@@ -48,45 +48,45 @@ date: 2023-05-25 23:10:01
- **Holidays/​vacations 假期**
- **have/​take** *(British English)* a holiday/*(North American English)* a vacation/​a break/​a day off/*(British English)* a gap year 休假;短期休假;休一天假;休空缺年假
- **go on/​be on** holiday/​vacation/​leave/​honeymoon/​safari/​a trip/​a tour/​a cruise/​a pilgrimage 去/在度假/休假/度蜜月/游猎/旅游/观光/乘船游览/朝圣
- **go** backpacking/​camping/​hitchhiking/​sightseeing 去背包旅行/露营/搭顺风车旅行/观光游览
- **plan** a trip/​a holiday/​a vacation/​your itinerary 计划旅行/假期/行程
- **book** accommodation/​a hotel room/​a flight/​tickets 预订住宿/酒店房间/航班/票
- **go on/​be on** holiday/​vacation/​leave/​honeymoon/​safari/​a trip/​a tour/​a cruise/​a pilgrimage 去/在度假/休假/度蜜月/游猎/旅游/观光/乘船游览/朝圣
- **go** backpacking/​camping/​hitchhiking/​sightseeing 去背包旅行/露营/搭顺风车旅行/观光游览
- **plan** a trip/​a holiday/​a vacation/​your itinerary 计划旅行/假期/行程
- **book** accommodation/​a hotel room/​a flight/​tickets 预订住宿/酒店房间/航班/票
- **have/​make/​cancel** a reservation/(*especially British English)* booking 预订;取消预订
- **rent** a villa/*(both British English)* a holiday home/​a holiday cottage 租一座度假别墅/一个度假住所/一座度假小别墅
- *(especially British English)* **hire/** *(especially North American English)* **rent** a car/​bicycle/​moped 租借一辆汽车/自行车/摩托自行车
- **stay in** a hotel/​a bed and breakfast/​a youth hostel/​a villa/*(both British English)* a holiday home/​a caravan 住在酒店/提供住宿和早餐的旅馆/青年旅舍/度假别墅/度假住所/旅行拖车里
- **cost/​charge $100 a/​per night for** a single/​double/​twin/​standard/*(British English)* en suite room 单人房/双人房/标间/套房一晚花费/要价 100 美元
- **check into/​out of** a hotel/​a motel/​your room 入住/结账离开酒店/汽车旅馆/房间
- **pack/​unpack** your suitcase/​bags 把东西装进手提箱/旅行包;取出手提箱/旅行包里的东西
- **call/​order** room service 打电话叫/叫客房服务
- **cancel/​cut short** a trip/​holiday/​vacation 取消/缩短旅程/假期
- **rent** a villa/*(both British English)* a holiday home/​a holiday cottage 租一座度假别墅/一个度假住所/一座度假小别墅
- *(especially British English)* **hire/** *(especially North American English)* **rent** a car/​bicycle/​moped 租借一辆汽车/自行车/摩托自行车
- **stay in** a hotel/​a bed and breakfast/​a youth hostel/​a villa/*(both British English)* a holiday home/​a caravan 住在酒店/提供住宿和早餐的旅馆/青年旅舍/度假别墅/度假住所/旅行拖车里
- **cost/​charge $100 a/​per night for** a single/​double/​twin/​standard/*(British English)* en suite room 单人房/双人房/标间/套房一晚花费/要价 100 美元
- **check into/​out of** a hotel/​a motel/​your room 入住/结账离开酒店/汽车旅馆/房间
- **pack/​unpack** your suitcase/​bags 把东西装进手提箱/旅行包;取出手提箱/旅行包里的东西
- **call/​order** room service 打电话叫/叫客房服务
- **cancel/​cut short** a trip/​holiday/​vacation 取消/缩短旅程/假期
- **Foreign travel 出国旅行**
- **apply for/​get/​renew** a/​your passport 申请/拿到/续签护照
- **take out/​buy/​get** travel insurance 获得/购买/取得旅游保险
- **catch/​miss** your plane/​train/​ferry/​connecting flight 赶上/错过飞机/火车/渡船/转乘航班
- **fly (in)/travel in** business/​economy class 乘坐商务/经济舱飞行/旅行
- **make/​have** a brief/​two-day/​twelve-hour stopover/*(North American English also)* layover in Hong Kong 在香港作短暂的/两天的/十二小时的中途停留
- **experience/​cause/​lead** to delays 遇上/引起/导致延误
- **check (in)/collect/​get/​lose** (your) *(especially British English)* luggage/*(especially North American English)* baggage 托运/取/弄丢行李
- **be charged for/​pay** excess baggage 被收取/支付超重行李费
- **board/​get on/​leave/​get off** the aircraft/​plane/​ship/​ferry 上/下飞机/船/渡船
- **taxi down/​leave/​approach/​hit/​overshoot** the runway 在跑道上滑行;离开/接近/降落在/冲出跑道
- **apply for/​get/​renew** a/​your passport 申请/拿到/续签护照
- **take out/​buy/​get** travel insurance 获得/购买/取得旅游保险
- **catch/​miss** your plane/​train/​ferry/​connecting flight 赶上/错过飞机/火车/渡船/转乘航班
- **fly (in)/travel in** business/​economy class 乘坐商务/经济舱飞行/旅行
- **make/​have** a brief/​two-day/​twelve-hour stopover/*(North American English also)* layover in Hong Kong 在香港作短暂的/两天的/十二小时的中途停留
- **experience/​cause/​lead** to delays 遇上/引起/导致延误
- **check (in)/collect/​get/​lose** (your) *(especially British English)* luggage/*(especially North American English)* baggage 托运/取/弄丢行李
- **be charged for/​pay** excess baggage 被收取/支付超重行李费
- **board/​get on/​leave/​get off** the aircraft/​plane/​ship/​ferry 上/下飞机/船/渡船
- **taxi down/​leave/​approach/​hit/​overshoot** the runway 在跑道上滑行;离开/接近/降落在/冲出跑道
- **experience/​hit/​encounter** severe turbulence 遇到强烈的气流
- **suffer from/​recover from/​get over** your jet lag/​travel sickness 遭受时差反应/晕车;从时差反应/晕车恢复过来;克服时差反应/晕车
- **suffer from/​recover from/​get over** your jet lag/​travel sickness 遭受时差反应/晕车;从时差反应/晕车恢复过来;克服时差反应/晕车
- **The tourist industry 旅游业**
- **attract/​draw/​bring** tourists/​visitors 吸引游客
- **encourage/​promote/​hurt** tourism 鼓励/促进/损害旅游业
- **promote/​develop** ecotourism 促进/发展生态旅游
- **build/​develop/​visit** a tourist/​holiday/*(especially British English)* seaside/​beach/​ski resort 建立/开发/参观旅游/假日/海滨/海滩/滑雪胜地
- **encourage/​promote/​hurt** tourism 鼓励/促进/损害旅游业
- **promote/​develop** ecotourism 促进/发展生态旅游
- **build/​develop/​visit** a tourist/​holiday/*(especially British English)* seaside/​beach/​ski resort 建立/开发/参观旅游/假日/海滨/海滩/滑雪胜地
- **work for/​be operated by** a major hotel chain 就职于一家大型连锁酒店;由一家大型连锁酒店经营
- **be served by/​compete with** low-cost/*(especially North American English)* low-fare/​budget airlines 由廉价航空公司提供服务;与廉价航空公司竞争
- **book something through/​make a booking through/​use** a travel agent 通过旅行社预订;经旅行社代办
- **contact/​check with** your travel agent/​tour operator 联系旅行社;向旅行社咨询
- **book/​be on/​go on** a package deal/​holiday/​tour 预订/进行/去包价旅游
- **buy/​bring back** (tacky/​overpriced) souvenirs 购买/带回(低劣的/定价过高的)纪念品
- **book/​be on/​go on** a package deal/​holiday/​tour 预订/进行/去包价旅游
- **buy/​bring back** (tacky/​overpriced) souvenirs 购买/带回(低劣的/定价过高的)纪念品
{% endnote %}
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ date: 2023-05-25 23:10:01
- *Strike action should be regarded as a last resort, when all attempts to negotiate have failed.* 罢工应该是最后一着,在所有的谈判努力都告失败时才使用。
- *In the last resort (= in the end) everyone must decide for themselves.* 最后人人都得自己作决定。
### Word Origin
## Word Origin
late Middle English (denoting something one can turn to for assistance): from Old French *resortir*, from *re-* ‘again’ + *sortir* ‘come or go out’. The sense ‘place frequently visited’ dates from the mid 18th cent.
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
---
title: bound
mathjax: false
comments: true
copyright: true
toc:
enable: true
number: false
wrap: true
expand_all: true
max_depth: 3
tags:
- 牛津5000
- 英语词汇
categories:
- 英语学习
abbrlink: a50e7db6
date: 2023-06-01 10:54:03
---
# Adjective
**see also [bind][]**
## Pronunciation
- BrE: /baʊnd/
- NAmE: /baʊnd/
## Explanation
\[not before noun\]
1. **{% label @B2 %}** **bound to do/be something** certain or likely to happen, or to do or be something一定会;很可能会
- *There are bound to be changes when the new system is introduced.* 引进新系统后一定会发生变化。
- *It's bound to be sunny again tomorrow.* 明天肯定又是阳光灿烂。
- *You've done so much work—you're bound to pass the exam.* 你下了这么大功夫,考试准能及格。
- *It was bound to happen sooner or later* (= we should have expected it). 这事迟早都是要发生的。
- *These problems were almost bound to arise.* 这些问题几乎注定了会出现。
- *You're bound to be nervous the first time* (= it's easy to understand). 第一次总是会紧张的。
<!-- more -->
{% note primary Synonyms **certain**%}
bound | sure | definite | guaranteed
These are all words describing something that will definitely happen or is definitely true.
- **certain** that you can rely on to happen or be true:
- *It’s certain that they will agree.* 他们肯定会同意。
- *They are certain to agree.* 他们肯定会同意。
- **bound** \[not before noun\] certain to happen, or to do or be something. 指肯定会、一定会
> Bound is **only used in the phrase** *bound to do/​be, etc.*:
>
> - *You’ve done so much work—you’re bound to pass the exam.*
> - *There are bound to be changes when the new system is introduced.*
- **sure** certain to happen or be true; that can be trusted or relied on:
- *She’s sure to be picked for the team.* 她肯定会入选该队。
- *It’s sure to rain.* 必定会下雨。
- **definite** (*rather informal*) certain to happen; that is not going to change:指必将发生、不会改变:
- *Is it definite that he’s leaving?* 他肯定要离开吗?
- **strike** (*formal*) to hit somebody/​something hard: 指猛烈地撞、碰、撞击、碰撞:
- *The ship struck a rock.* 船触礁了。
- **guaranteed** certain to have a particular result:
- *That kind of behaviour is guaranteed to make him angry.* 那样的行为肯定会让他生气。
- Patterns
- certain/​sure **of** something
- certain/​bound/​sure/​guaranteed **to do something**
- certain/​definite **that…**
- I **couldn’t say for** certain/​sure/​definite.
{% endnote %}
**Topics** [Doubt, guessing and certainty B2][] **{% label @B2 %}**
{% note primary Oxford Collocations Dictionary %}
- **verbs**
- be
- seem
- **adverb**
- almost
{% endnote %}
2. **{% label @C1 %}** forced to do something by law, duty or a particular situation 受(法律、义务或情况)约束(必须做某事);有义务(做某事)
- **bound by something** *We are not bound by the decision.* 我们不受该决定的约束。
- *You are bound by the contract to pay before the end of the month.* 按照合同规定,你必须在月底前付款。
- **bound (by something) to do something** (*formal*) *I am **bound to say** I disagree with you on this point.* 我觉得有必要指出,在这一点上我不同意你的观点。
- *They are legally bound to appear in court.* 他们依法必须出庭。
{% note primary Extra Examples %}
- *He was legally bound to report them to the authorities.* 他有法律义务将这些报告给当局。
- *Officials are bound by law to investigate any possible fraud.* 法律规定官员有义务调查任何可能的欺诈行为。
- *The country will not **be held bound** by a treaty signed by the previous regime.* 国家不会为前政权签署的条约所束缚。
- *The president said the country could not be held bound by a treaty signed by the previous regime.* 总统说,国家不应为前政权签署的条约所束缚。
- *We are legally bound by this decision.* 我们在法律上受这一决定的束缚。
{% endnote %}
{% note primary Oxford Collocations Dictionary %}
- **verbs**
- be
- feel
- become
- …
- **adverb**
- absolutely
- irrevocably
- by law
- …
- **preposition**
- by
{% endnote %}
3. (in compounds) prevented from going somewhere or from working normally by the conditions mentioned 因…受阻(或不能正常工作)
- *Strike-bound travellers face long delays.* 因罢工滞留的旅客要耽搁很长时间。
- *fogbound airports* 因雾不能正常作业的机场
{% note primary Oxford Collocations Dictionary %}
- **verbs**
- be
- **adverb**
- homeward
- outward
- **preposition**
- for
{% endnote %}
4. (also in compounds) travelling, or ready to travel, in a particular direction or to a particular place 正旅行去(某地);准备前往(某地)
- *homeward bound* (= going home) 在回家途中
- *Paris-bound* 前往巴黎的
- ***northbound/southbound/eastbound/westbound*** 向北/向南/向东/向西行进的
- **bound for…** *a plane bound for Dublin* 开往都柏林的飞机
- *tourists who are bound for Europe* 前往欧洲的游客
- *college-bound high school students* 上大学的高中生
{% note primary Oxford Collocations Dictionary %}
- **verbs**
- be
- **adverb**
- homeward
- outward
- **preposition**
- for
{% endnote %}
## Word Origin
*adjective* sense 4 Middle English *boun* (in the sense ‘ready, dressed’), from Old Norse *búinn*, past participle of *búa* ‘get ready’; the final *-d* is euphonic, or influenced by other adjective senses of **bound**.
## Idioms
1. **be bound together by/in something**
to be closely connected 因…(或在…方面)密切联系
- *communities bound together by customs and traditions* 因习俗和传统而结合在一起的社区
2. **be bound up in something**
very busy with something; very interested or involved in something 忙于某事;热衷于某事
- *He's too bound up in his work to have much time for his children.* 他工作太忙,没有很多时间陪孩子们。
3. **bound and determined**
(*North American English*) very determined to do something矢志不渝;下定决心
- *I came here bound and determined to put the last 12 months behind me.* 我来到这里,下定决心把过去的12个月抛在脑后。
4. **bound up with something**
closely connected with something 和某事密切相关
- *From that moment my life became inextricably bound up with hers.* 从那一刻起,我的一生就和她结下不解之缘。
5. **(feel) honour-bound to do something**
(*formal*) to feel that you must do something because of your sense of moral duty (感到)道义上应做某事
- *She felt honour-bound to attend as she had promised to.* 她觉得既然答应了就应该出席。
- *He felt honour bound to help her.* 他觉得在道义上应该帮助她。
{% note primary **compare** duty-bound %}
\[not before noun\] (*formal*) having to do something because it is your duty 责无旁贷;义不容辞
{% endnote %}
**Topics** [Permission and obligation][] **{% label @C2 %}**
6. **I’ll be bound**
(*old-fashioned, British English, informal*) I feel sure我敢肯定
- They’re up to some mischief, I’ll be bound!我敢肯定,他们在搞恶作剧!
**Topics** [Doubt, guessing and certainty C2][] **{% label @C2 %}**
# Verb
**see also [bind][]**
## Pronunciation
- BrE: /baʊnd/
- NAmE: /baʊnd/
## Verb Forms
- present simple I / you / we / they bound
- BrE: /baʊnd/
- NAmE: /baʊnd/
- he / she / it bounds
- BrE: /baʊndz/
- NAmE: /baʊndz/
- past simple bounded
- BrE: /ˈbaʊndɪd/
- NAmE: /ˈbaʊndɪd/
- past participle bounded
- BrE: /ˈbaʊndɪd/
- NAmE: /ˈbaʊndɪd/
- -ing form bounding
- BrE: /ˈbaʊndɪŋ/
- NAmE: /ˈbaʊndɪŋ/
## Explanation
1. \[transitive\] **+ adv./prep.** to run with long steps, especially in an enthusiastic way 跳跃着跑
- *The dogs bounded ahead.* 那些狗在前面蹦蹦跳跳地跑。
{% note primary Extra Examples %}
- *He bounded back to meet us.* 他跳回来迎接我们。
- *Louis came bounding down the stairs.* 路易斯蹦蹦跳跳地下了楼
- *The dog bounded up to him.* 那只狗向他扑来。
- *A man bounded up to her and shook her hand.* 一个男人跳到她面前和她握手。
- *He braked sharply as a deer bounded across the road.* 当一只鹿飞奔过马路时,他猛地刹车。
{% endnote %}
2. \[transitive, usually passive\] (*formal*) to form the edge or limit of an area 形成…的边界(或界限)
- **be bounded by something** *The field was bounded on the left by a wood.* 那片地左边依傍着一片树林。
## Word Origin
*verb* sense 1 early 16th cent. (as a noun): from French *bond* (noun), *bondir* (verb) ‘resound’, later ‘rebound’, from late Latin *bombitare*, from Latin *bombus* ‘humming’. *verb* sense 2 Middle English (in the senses ‘landmark’ and ‘borderland’): from Old French *bodne*, from medieval Latin *bodina*, earlier *butina*, of unknown ultimate origin.
# Noun
**see also [bind][]**
## Pronunciation
- BrE: /baʊnd/
- NAmE: /baʊnd/
## Explanation
1. a high or long jump 蹦跳;跳跃
- *The dog cleared the gate in one bound.* 那狗一跳就越过了栅门。
{% note primary **see also** bounds %}
- BrE: /baʊndz/
- NAmE: /baʊndz/
\[plural\]
the accepted or furthest limits of something 限制范围;极限
- ***beyond/outside/within the bounds of** decency* 没体统;有体统
- *I am afraid your behaviour was beyond the bounds of decency.* 恐怕你的行为超出了体面的范围。
- *Public spending must be kept within reasonable bounds.* 公共开支必须控制在合理的范围内。
- *It was not **beyond the bounds of possibility** that they would meet again one day.* 他们有一天会再度相遇,这不是没有可能。
- *His enthusiasm **knew no bounds*** (= was very great). 他有无限热情。
{% endnote %}
## Word Origin
noun early 16th cent. (as a noun): from French *bond* (noun), *bondir* (verb) ‘resound’, later ‘rebound’, from late Latin *bombitare*, from Latin *bombus* ‘humming’.
## Idioms
1. **by/in leaps and bounds**
very quickly; in large amounts 非常迅速;飞跃地;突飞猛进;大量地
- *Her health has improved in leaps and bounds.* 她的健康已迅速好转。
- *His technique has come on in leaps and bounds this season.* 这个赛季他的技术突飞猛进。
# 惯用法
bound 后面接不定式从前在英国作“将不得不……”解,在美国作“决意……”解,如 He is bound to come 在英国是“他将不得不来”,在美国是“他决意来”。但现在似乎在英美通常都作“一定将……”解,如 It is bound to rain 是“肯定会下雨”。
# Reference
1. Diana Lea, Jennifer Bradbery. *Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 10th edition.* Oxford University Press, 2020.
2. Margaret Deuter, Jennifer Bradbery, Joanna Turnbull. *牛津高阶英汉双解词典,第 9 版.* 商务印书馆, 2018.
3. 葛传槼. *葛传槼英语惯用法词典.* 上海译文出版社, 2012.
[bind]: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/bind_1
[Doubt, guessing and certainty B2]: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/topic/doubt-guessing-and-certainty?level=b2
[Permission and obligation]: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/topic/permission-and-obligation?level=c2
[Doubt, guessing and certainty C2]: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/topic/doubt-guessing-and-certainty?level=c2