335 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
335 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: bound
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mathjax: false
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comments: true
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copyright: true
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toc:
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enable: true
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number: false
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wrap: true
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expand_all: true
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max_depth: 3
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tags:
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- 牛津5000
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- 英语词汇
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categories:
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- 英语学习
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abbrlink: a50e7db6
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date: 2023-06-01 10:54:03
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---
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# Adjective
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**see also [bind][]**
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## Pronunciation
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- BrE: /baʊnd/
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- NAmE: /baʊnd/
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## Explanation
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\[not before noun\]
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1. **{% label @B2 %}** **bound to do/be something** certain or likely to happen, or to do or be something一定会；很可能会
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- *There are bound to be changes when the new system is introduced.* 引进新系统后一定会发生变化。
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- *It's bound to be sunny again tomorrow.* 明天肯定又是阳光灿烂。
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- *You've done so much work—you're bound to pass the exam.* 你下了这么大功夫，考试准能及格。
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- *It was bound to happen sooner or later* (= we should have expected it). 这事迟早都是要发生的。
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- *These problems were almost bound to arise.* 这些问题几乎注定了会出现。
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- *You're bound to be nervous the first time* (= it's easy to understand). 第一次总是会紧张的。
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<!-- more -->
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{% note primary Synonyms **certain**%}
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bound | sure | definite | guaranteed
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These are all words describing something that will definitely happen or is definitely true.
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- **certain** that you can rely on to happen or be true:
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- *It’s certain that they will agree.* 他们肯定会同意。
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- *They are certain to agree.* 他们肯定会同意。
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- **bound** \[not before noun\] certain to happen, or to do or be something. 指肯定会、一定会
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> Bound is **only used in the phrase** *bound to do/be, etc.*:
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>
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> - *You’ve done so much work—you’re bound to pass the exam.*
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> - *There are bound to be changes when the new system is introduced.*
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- **sure** certain to happen or be true; that can be trusted or relied on:
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- *She’s sure to be picked for the team.* 她肯定会入选该队。
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- *It’s sure to rain.* 必定会下雨。
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- **definite** (*rather informal*) certain to happen; that is not going to change:指必将发生、不会改变：
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- *Is it definite that he’s leaving?* 他肯定要离开吗？
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- **strike** (*formal*) to hit somebody/something hard: 指猛烈地撞、碰、撞击、碰撞：
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- *The ship struck a rock.* 船触礁了。
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- **guaranteed** certain to have a particular result:
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- *That kind of behaviour is guaranteed to make him angry.* 那样的行为肯定会让他生气。
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- Patterns
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- certain/sure **of** something
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- certain/bound/sure/guaranteed **to do something**
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- certain/definite **that…**
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- I **couldn’t say for** certain/sure/definite.
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{% endnote %}
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**Topics** [Doubt, guessing and certainty B2][] **{% label @B2 %}**
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{% note primary Oxford Collocations Dictionary %}
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- **verbs**
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- be
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- seem
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- **adverb**
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- almost
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{% endnote %}
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2. **{% label @C1 %}** forced to do something by law, duty or a particular situation 受（法律、义务或情况）约束（必须做某事）；有义务（做某事）
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- **bound by something** *We are not bound by the decision.* 我们不受该决定的约束。
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- *You are bound by the contract to pay before the end of the month.* 按照合同规定，你必须在月底前付款。
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- **bound (by something) to do something** (*formal*) *I am **bound to say** I disagree with you on this point.* 我觉得有必要指出，在这一点上我不同意你的观点。
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- *They are legally bound to appear in court.* 他们依法必须出庭。
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{% note primary Extra Examples %}
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- *He was legally bound to report them to the authorities.* 他有法律义务将这些报告给当局。
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- *Officials are bound by law to investigate any possible fraud.* 法律规定官员有义务调查任何可能的欺诈行为。
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- *The country will not **be held bound** by a treaty signed by the previous regime.* 国家不会为前政权签署的条约所束缚。
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- *The president said the country could not be held bound by a treaty signed by the previous regime.* 总统说，国家不应为前政权签署的条约所束缚。
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- *We are legally bound by this decision.* 我们在法律上受这一决定的束缚。
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{% endnote %}
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{% note primary Oxford Collocations Dictionary %}
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- **verbs**
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- be
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- feel
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- become
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- …
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- **adverb**
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- absolutely
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- irrevocably
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- by law
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- …
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- **preposition**
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- by
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{% endnote %}
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3. (in compounds) prevented from going somewhere or from working normally by the conditions mentioned 因…受阻（或不能正常工作）
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- *Strike-bound travellers face long delays.* 因罢工滞留的旅客要耽搁很长时间。
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- *fogbound airports* 因雾不能正常作业的机场
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{% note primary Oxford Collocations Dictionary %}
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- **verbs**
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- be
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- **adverb**
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- homeward
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- outward
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- **preposition**
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- for
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{% endnote %}
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4. (also in compounds) travelling, or ready to travel, in a particular direction or to a particular place 正旅行去（某地）；准备前往（某地）
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- *homeward bound* (= going home) 在回家途中
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- *Paris-bound* 前往巴黎的
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- ***northbound/southbound/eastbound/westbound*** 向北／向南／向东／向西行进的
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- **bound for…** *a plane bound for Dublin* 开往都柏林的飞机
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- *tourists who are bound for Europe* 前往欧洲的游客
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- *college-bound high school students* 上大学的高中生
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{% note primary Oxford Collocations Dictionary %}
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- **verbs**
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- be
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- **adverb**
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- homeward
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- outward
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- **preposition**
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- for
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{% endnote %}
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## Word Origin
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*adjective* sense 4 Middle English *boun* (in the sense ‘ready, dressed’), from Old Norse *búinn*, past participle of *búa* ‘get ready’; the final *-d* is euphonic, or influenced by other adjective senses of **bound**.
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## Idioms
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1. **be bound together by/in something**
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to be closely connected 因…（或在…方面）密切联系
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- *communities bound together by customs and traditions* 因习俗和传统而结合在一起的社区
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2. **be bound up in something**
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very busy with something; very interested or involved in something 忙于某事；热衷于某事
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- *He's too bound up in his work to have much time for his children.* 他工作太忙，没有很多时间陪孩子们。
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3. **bound and determined**
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(*North American English*) very determined to do something矢志不渝；下定决心
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- *I came here bound and determined to put the last 12 months behind me.* 我来到这里，下定决心把过去的12个月抛在脑后。
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4. **bound up with something**
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closely connected with something 和某事密切相关
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- *From that moment my life became inextricably bound up with hers.* 从那一刻起，我的一生就和她结下不解之缘。
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5. **(feel) honour-bound to do something**
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(*formal*) to feel that you must do something because of your sense of moral duty （感到）道义上应做某事
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- *She felt honour-bound to attend as she had promised to.* 她觉得既然答应了就应该出席。
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- *He felt honour bound to help her.* 他觉得在道义上应该帮助她。
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{% note primary **compare** duty-bound %}
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\[not before noun\] (*formal*) having to do something because it is your duty 责无旁贷；义不容辞
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{% endnote %}
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**Topics** [Permission and obligation][] **{% label @C2 %}**
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6. **I’ll be bound**
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(*old-fashioned, British English, informal*) I feel sure我敢肯定
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- They’re up to some mischief, I’ll be bound!我敢肯定，他们在搞恶作剧！
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**Topics** [Doubt, guessing and certainty C2][] **{% label @C2 %}**
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# Verb
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**see also [bind][]**
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## Pronunciation
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- BrE: /baʊnd/
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- NAmE: /baʊnd/
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## Verb Forms
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- present simple I / you / we / they bound
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- BrE: /baʊnd/
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- NAmE: /baʊnd/
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- he / she / it bounds
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- BrE: /baʊndz/
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- NAmE: /baʊndz/
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- past simple bounded
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- BrE: /ˈbaʊndɪd/
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- NAmE: /ˈbaʊndɪd/
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- past participle bounded
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- BrE: /ˈbaʊndɪd/
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- NAmE: /ˈbaʊndɪd/
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- -ing form bounding
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- BrE: /ˈbaʊndɪŋ/
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- NAmE: /ˈbaʊndɪŋ/
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## Explanation
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1. \[transitive\] **+ adv./prep.** to run with long steps, especially in an enthusiastic way 跳跃着跑
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- *The dogs bounded ahead.* 那些狗在前面蹦蹦跳跳地跑。
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{% note primary Extra Examples %}
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- *He bounded back to meet us.* 他跳回来迎接我们。
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- *Louis came bounding down the stairs.* 路易斯蹦蹦跳跳地下了楼
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- *The dog bounded up to him.* 那只狗向他扑来。
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- *A man bounded up to her and shook her hand.* 一个男人跳到她面前和她握手。
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- *He braked sharply as a deer bounded across the road.* 当一只鹿飞奔过马路时，他猛地刹车。
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{% endnote %}
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2. \[transitive, usually passive\] (*formal*) to form the edge or limit of an area 形成…的边界（或界限）
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- **be bounded by something** *The field was bounded on the left by a wood.* 那片地左边依傍着一片树林。
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## Word Origin
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*verb* sense 1 early 16th cent. (as a noun): from French *bond* (noun), *bondir* (verb) ‘resound’, later ‘rebound’, from late Latin *bombitare*, from Latin *bombus* ‘humming’. *verb* sense 2 Middle English (in the senses ‘landmark’ and ‘borderland’): from Old French *bodne*, from medieval Latin *bodina*, earlier *butina*, of unknown ultimate origin.
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# Noun
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**see also [bind][]**
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## Pronunciation
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- BrE: /baʊnd/
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- NAmE: /baʊnd/
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## Explanation
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1. a high or long jump 蹦跳；跳跃
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- *The dog cleared the gate in one bound.* 那狗一跳就越过了栅门。
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{% note primary **see also** bounds %}
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- BrE: /baʊndz/
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- NAmE: /baʊndz/
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\[plural\]
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the accepted or furthest limits of something 限制范围；极限
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- ***beyond/outside/within the bounds of** decency* 没体统；有体统
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- *I am afraid your behaviour was beyond the bounds of decency.* 恐怕你的行为超出了体面的范围。
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- *Public spending must be kept within reasonable bounds.* 公共开支必须控制在合理的范围内。
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- *It was not **beyond the bounds of possibility** that they would meet again one day.* 他们有一天会再度相遇，这不是没有可能。
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- *His enthusiasm **knew no bounds*** (= was very great). 他有无限热情。
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{% endnote %}
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## Word Origin
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noun early 16th cent. (as a noun): from French *bond* (noun), *bondir* (verb) ‘resound’, later ‘rebound’, from late Latin *bombitare*, from Latin *bombus* ‘humming’.
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## Idioms
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1. **by/in leaps and bounds**
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very quickly; in large amounts 非常迅速；飞跃地；突飞猛进；大量地
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- *Her health has improved in leaps and bounds.* 她的健康已迅速好转。
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- *His technique has come on in leaps and bounds this season.* 这个赛季他的技术突飞猛进。
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# 惯用法
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bound 后面接不定式从前在英国作“将不得不……”解，在美国作“决意……”解，如 He is bound to come 在英国是“他将不得不来”，在美国是“他决意来”。但现在似乎在英美通常都作“一定将……”解，如 It is bound to rain 是“肯定会下雨”。
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# Reference
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1. Diana Lea, Jennifer Bradbery. *Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 10th edition.* Oxford University Press, 2020.
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2. Margaret Deuter, Jennifer Bradbery, Joanna Turnbull. *牛津高阶英汉双解词典，第 9 版.* 商务印书馆, 2018.
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3. 葛传槼. *葛传槼英语惯用法词典.* 上海译文出版社, 2012.
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[bind]: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/bind_1
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[Doubt, guessing and certainty B2]: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/topic/doubt-guessing-and-certainty?level=b2
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[Permission and obligation]: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/topic/permission-and-obligation?level=c2
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[Doubt, guessing and certainty C2]: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/topic/doubt-guessing-and-certainty?level=c2
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